The closure of Nastola care home: A longitudinal study on deinstitutionalisation

Timo Saloviita

doi:10.1080/15017410209510789

Original Articles

The closure of Nastola care home: A longitudinal study on deinstitutionalisation

Author:

Timo Saloviita

Department of Special Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, FI

About Timo

Ph.D

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Abstract

The Nastola Care Home, an institution housing 95 people with intellectual disability, was closed in 1989, with residents moving out into small community group homes of five people each. An intensive process of reorganization, including unitisation and staff training, occurred within the institution before its closure. The adaptive behaviour of 66 residents was measured a total of seven times, with the first phase beginning two and half years before the move, and the second phase extending to two years after the move. The results indicated an increase in adaptive skills of the residents in both phases. Challenging behaviour of the residents decreased before the move, but not afterwards. Community participation and family contacts with the residents increased after the move. With regard to daily care practices, there was a major change from institution‐oriented practices in the institution to individual‐oriented care practices in the community group homes. The results of this deinstitutionalisation effort, which is the largest thus far in Finland, are discussed in relationship to research and the policy of deinstitutionalisation.

How to Cite: Saloviita, T., 2009. The closure of Nastola care home: A longitudinal study on deinstitutionalisation. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 4(2), pp.138–155. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/15017410209510789

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Published on 08 Jul 2009

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CC BY 4.0

References

Byrd , GR , Sawyer , BP and Locke , BJ (1983). . . Improving direct care via minimal changes in conventional resources: an empirical analysis. . Mental Retardation , 21: : 164.–.
Conroy , JW (1992). . . Size and Quality in Residential Programs for People with Developmental Disabilities. , Temple University, Philadelphia. (UMI Dissertation Services. . Unpublished doctoral dissertation,.
Conroy , J , Efthimiou , J and Lemanowicz , J (1982). . . A matched comparison of the developmental growth of institutionalized and deinstitutionalized mentally retarded clients. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 86: : 581.–.
Dalgleish , M and Matthews , R (1981). . . Some effects of staffing levels and group size on the quality of day care for severely mentally handicapped adults. . British Journal of Mental Subnormality , 52: : 30.–.
de Kock , U , Saxby , H , Thomas , M and Felce , D (1988). . . Community and family contact: an evaluation of small community homes for adults with severe and profound mental handicaps. . Mental Handicap Research , 1: : 127.–.
Emerson , E and Hatton , C (1994). . . Moving Out. The Impact of Relocation from Hospital to Community on the Quality of Life of People with Learning Disabilities. , [city: London]: : HMSO. .
Emerson , E and Hatton , C (1996). . . Deinstitutionalization in the UK and Ireland: outcomes for service users. . Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 21: : 17.–.
Emerson , E , Hatton , C , Bauer , I , Bjorgvinsdottir , S , Brak , W , Firkovska‐Mankiewicz , A , Haroardottir , H , Kavaliunaite , A , Kebbon , L , Kristofferson , E , Saloviita , T , Schippers , H , Timmons , B , Timcev , L , Tossebro , J and Wiit , U (1996). . . Patterns of Institutionalisation in 15 European Countries. . European Journal on Mental Disability , 3: : 29.–.
Haney , J I (1988). . . “Toward successful community residential placements for individuals with mental retardation. ”. In Integration of developmentally disabled individuals into the community. , 2nd ed , Edited by: I , L W Heal J and Amado , Haney A R N . : 37.–. [city: Baltimore]: : Brookes. .
Harris , JM , Veit , SW , Allen , GJ and Chinsky , J M (1974). . . Aide‐resident ratio and ward population density as mediators of social interaction. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 79: : 320.–.
Hatton , C , Emerson , E , Robertson , J , Gregory , N , Kessissoglou , S , Perry , J , Felce , D , Lowe , K , Walsh , PN , Linehan , C and Hillery , J (2001). . . The adaptive behavior scale ‐ residential and community (part I): towards the development of a short form. . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 22: : 273.–.
Hemming , H , Lavender , T and Pill , R (1992). . . Quality of life of mentally retarded adults transferred from large institutions to new small units. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 86: : 157.–.
Iwata , B A (1987). . . Negative reinforcement in applied behavior analysis: an emerging technology. . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 2: : 361.–.
Kim , S , Larson , S A and Lakin , K C (2001). . . Behavioural ourcomes of deinstitutionalisation for people with intellectual disability: a review of US studies conducted between 1980 and 1999. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability , 26: : 35.–.
King , R D , Raynes , N V and Tizard , J (1971). . . Patterns of residential care. Sociological studies in institutions for handicapped children. , [city: London]: : Routledge & Kegan Paul. .
Lakin , K , Braddock , D and Smith , G (1994). . . Trends and milestones. . Mental Retardation , 32: : 77.–.
Larson , S A and Lakin , K C (1989). . . Deinstitutionalization of persons with mental retardation: behavioral outcomes. . The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps , 14: : 324.–.
Lynch , P S , Kellowm , T and Wilson , V L (1997). . . The impact of deinstitutionalization on the adaptive behavior of adults with mental retardation. . Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities , 32: : 255.–.
McCormick , M , Balla , D and Zigler , E (1975). . . Resident‐care practices in institutions for retarded persons: a cross‐institutional, cross‐cultural study. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 80: : 1.–.
Miura , K (1986). . . Comparison of amount of speech by physically handicapped children in large or small groups on a ward. . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 62: : 171.–.
Nihira , K , Foster , R , Shellhaas , M and Leland , H (1974). . . AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale. , [city: Washington, D.C.]: : American Association on Mental Deficiency. .
Raynes , N M , Pratt , M W and Roses , S (1979). . . Organisational Structure and the Care of the Mentally Retarded. , [city: London]: : Croom Helm. .
Rotegard , L L , Bruininks , R H , Holman , J G and Lakin , K C (1985). . . “Environmental aspects of deinstitutionalization. ”. In Living and Learning in the Least Restrictive Environment. , Edited by: Bruininks , R H and Lakin , K C . : 155.–. [city: Baltimore]: : Brookes. .
Saloviita , T (1990). . . Adaptive Behaviour of Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Persons (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research 73). Jyväskylä. , University of Jyväskylä. .
Saloviita , T (2000). . . Improving institutions: Effects of small unit size on the quality of care of people with severe intellectual disabilities. . Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research , 2: : 22.–.
Stancliffe , RJ and Lakin , KC (1998). . . Analysis of expenditures and outcomes of residential alternatives for persons with developmental disabilities. . American Journal of Mental Retardation , 102: : 552.–.
Wehmeyer , M L and Bolding , N (2001). . . Enhanced self‐determination of adults with intellectual disability as an outcome of moving to community‐based work or living environments. . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 45: : 371.–.
Young , L , Ashman , A , Sigafoos , J and Grevell , P (2001). . . Closure of the Challinor centre II: an extended report on 95 individuals after 12 months of community living. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability , 26: : 51.–.
Young , L , Sigafoos , J , Suttie , J , Ashman , A and Grevell , P (1998). . . Deinstitutionalisation of persons with intellectual disabilities: A review of Australian studies. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities , 23: : 155.–.

[CIT0001] Byrd , GR , Sawyer , BP and Locke , BJ (1983). . . Improving direct care via minimal changes in conventional resources: an empirical analysis. . Mental Retardation , 21: : 164.–.

[CIT0002] Conroy , JW (1992). . . Size and Quality in Residential Programs for People with Developmental Disabilities. , Temple University, Philadelphia. (UMI Dissertation Services. . Unpublished doctoral dissertation,.

[CIT0003] Conroy , J , Efthimiou , J and Lemanowicz , J (1982). . . A matched comparison of the developmental growth of institutionalized and deinstitutionalized mentally retarded clients. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 86: : 581.–.

[CIT0004] Dalgleish , M and Matthews , R (1981). . . Some effects of staffing levels and group size on the quality of day care for severely mentally handicapped adults. . British Journal of Mental Subnormality , 52: : 30.–.

[CIT0005] de Kock , U , Saxby , H , Thomas , M and Felce , D (1988). . . Community and family contact: an evaluation of small community homes for adults with severe and profound mental handicaps. . Mental Handicap Research , 1: : 127.–.

[CIT0006] Emerson , E and Hatton , C (1994). . . Moving Out. The Impact of Relocation from Hospital to Community on the Quality of Life of People with Learning Disabilities. , [city: London]: : HMSO. .

[CIT0007] Emerson , E and Hatton , C (1996). . . Deinstitutionalization in the UK and Ireland: outcomes for service users. . Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 21: : 17.–.

[CIT0008] Emerson , E , Hatton , C , Bauer , I , Bjorgvinsdottir , S , Brak , W , Firkovska‐Mankiewicz , A , Haroardottir , H , Kavaliunaite , A , Kebbon , L , Kristofferson , E , Saloviita , T , Schippers , H , Timmons , B , Timcev , L , Tossebro , J and Wiit , U (1996). . . Patterns of Institutionalisation in 15 European Countries. . European Journal on Mental Disability , 3: : 29.–.

[CIT0009] Haney , J I (1988). . . “Toward successful community residential placements for individuals with mental retardation. ”. In Integration of developmentally disabled individuals into the community. , 2nd ed , Edited by: I , L W Heal J and Amado , Haney A R N . : 37.–. [city: Baltimore]: : Brookes. .

[CIT0010] Harris , JM , Veit , SW , Allen , GJ and Chinsky , J M (1974). . . Aide‐resident ratio and ward population density as mediators of social interaction. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 79: : 320.–.

[CIT0011] Hatton , C , Emerson , E , Robertson , J , Gregory , N , Kessissoglou , S , Perry , J , Felce , D , Lowe , K , Walsh , PN , Linehan , C and Hillery , J (2001). . . The adaptive behavior scale ‐ residential and community (part I): towards the development of a short form. . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 22: : 273.–.

[CIT0012] Hemming , H , Lavender , T and Pill , R (1992). . . Quality of life of mentally retarded adults transferred from large institutions to new small units. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 86: : 157.–.

[CIT0013] Iwata , B A (1987). . . Negative reinforcement in applied behavior analysis: an emerging technology. . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 2: : 361.–.

[CIT0014] Kim , S , Larson , S A and Lakin , K C (2001). . . Behavioural ourcomes of deinstitutionalisation for people with intellectual disability: a review of US studies conducted between 1980 and 1999. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability , 26: : 35.–.

[CIT0015] King , R D , Raynes , N V and Tizard , J (1971). . . Patterns of residential care. Sociological studies in institutions for handicapped children. , [city: London]: : Routledge & Kegan Paul. .

[CIT0016] Lakin , K , Braddock , D and Smith , G (1994). . . Trends and milestones. . Mental Retardation , 32: : 77.–.

[CIT0017] Larson , S A and Lakin , K C (1989). . . Deinstitutionalization of persons with mental retardation: behavioral outcomes. . The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps , 14: : 324.–.

[CIT0018] Lynch , P S , Kellowm , T and Wilson , V L (1997). . . The impact of deinstitutionalization on the adaptive behavior of adults with mental retardation. . Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities , 32: : 255.–.

[CIT0019] McCormick , M , Balla , D and Zigler , E (1975). . . Resident‐care practices in institutions for retarded persons: a cross‐institutional, cross‐cultural study. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 80: : 1.–.

[CIT0020] Miura , K (1986). . . Comparison of amount of speech by physically handicapped children in large or small groups on a ward. . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 62: : 171.–.

[CIT0021] Nihira , K , Foster , R , Shellhaas , M and Leland , H (1974). . . AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale. , [city: Washington, D.C.]: : American Association on Mental Deficiency. .

[CIT0022] Raynes , N M , Pratt , M W and Roses , S (1979). . . Organisational Structure and the Care of the Mentally Retarded. , [city: London]: : Croom Helm. .

[CIT0023] Rotegard , L L , Bruininks , R H , Holman , J G and Lakin , K C (1985). . . “Environmental aspects of deinstitutionalization. ”. In Living and Learning in the Least Restrictive Environment. , Edited by: Bruininks , R H and Lakin , K C . : 155.–. [city: Baltimore]: : Brookes. .

[CIT0024] Saloviita , T (1990). . . Adaptive Behaviour of Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Persons (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research 73). Jyväskylä. , University of Jyväskylä. .

[CIT0025] Saloviita , T (2000). . . Improving institutions: Effects of small unit size on the quality of care of people with severe intellectual disabilities. . Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research , 2: : 22.–.

[CIT0026] Stancliffe , RJ and Lakin , KC (1998). . . Analysis of expenditures and outcomes of residential alternatives for persons with developmental disabilities. . American Journal of Mental Retardation , 102: : 552.–.

[CIT0027] Wehmeyer , M L and Bolding , N (2001). . . Enhanced self‐determination of adults with intellectual disability as an outcome of moving to community‐based work or living environments. . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 45: : 371.–.

[CIT0028] Young , L , Ashman , A , Sigafoos , J and Grevell , P (2001). . . Closure of the Challinor centre II: an extended report on 95 individuals after 12 months of community living. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability , 26: : 51.–.

[CIT0029] Young , L , Sigafoos , J , Suttie , J , Ashman , A and Grevell , P (1998). . . Deinstitutionalisation of persons with intellectual disabilities: A review of Australian studies. . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities , 23: : 155.–.

Reading: The closure of Nastola care home: A longitudinal study on deinstitutionalisation

Original Articles

The closure of Nastola care home: A longitudinal study on deinstitutionalisation

Author:

Timo Saloviita

Department of Special Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, FI

About Timo

X close

Abstract

References