Which way for european disability policy?

Bjørn Hvinden; Rune Halvorsen

doi:10.1080/15017410309512631

Original Articles

Which way for european disability policy?

Authors:

Bjørn Hvinden ,

Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim

About Bjørn

Professor, Dr. Philos. Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.

Rune Halvorsen

Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim

About Rune

Post-Doc Scholar, Dr. Polit. Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.

Abstract

In this article we discuss the challenges facing European disability policy and in what direction it is likely to move in the years to come. We argue that the emerging interaction between transnational and national policy development is of crucial importance. At the core of this relationship is the division and interplay between policies of redistribution and of regulation. Redistributive provisions, especially schemes for income maintenance for people with impairment, are in many countries under substantial pressure, while certain forms of social regulation policy have recently gained a new momentum, especially through the emerging European Union strategy to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all citizens. Yet, the future success of a European disability policy will to a great extent depend on whether one manages to develop a mutually supporting interaction between policies of redistribution and policies of regulation.

How to Cite: Hvinden, B. and Halvorsen, R., 2009. Which way for european disability policy?. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 5(3), pp.296–312. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/15017410309512631

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Published on 08 Jul 2009

Peer Reviewed

CC BY 4.0

References

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Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1996). , eds. . Curing the Dutch disease. An international perspective on disability policy reform. , [city: Aldershot]: : Avebury. .
Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1998). . . “A cross‐national comparison of disability policies: Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands vs. the United States. ”. In Rehabilitation of partially disabled people. , Edited by: Klosse , S , Uijl den , S , Bahlman , T and Shippers , J . [city: Amsterdam]: : Thesis Publishers. .
Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1999). . . “Convergence: A comparison of European and United States disability policy. ”. In New approaches to disability in the workplace. , Edited by: Thomason , T , Burton , JF and Hyatt , D . [city: Cornell]: : Cornell University Press. .
Bø , T.P. (2003). . Funksjonshemmede på arbeidsmarkedet [People with impairment in the labour market]. , [city: Oslo]: : Statistics Norway. . report 2003/4,.
CEU (1986). . . Council Recommendation of 24 July 1986 on the employment of disabled people in the Community. . Official Journal NO. L , 22512/08 1986: : 0043.–. 1986.
CEU (1996). . . Resolution of the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council of 20 December 1996 on equality of opportunities for people with impairment. . Official Journal , C 01213/01 1996: : 0001.–. 1997.
CEU (1999). . . Council Resolution of 17 June 1999 on equal employment opportunities for people with impairment. . Official Journal C 186, , 02/07 1999: : 0003.–. 1999.
CEU (2000A). . . Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. . Official Journal L , 30302/12 2000A: : 0016. 2000.
CEU (2000B). . . Council Decision 2000/750/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a Community action programme to combat discrimination (2001 to 2006). . Official Journal of the European Communities , L 303: : 23.–.
CoE (2000). . . Legislation to counter discrimination against persons with impairment. , [city: Strasbourg]: : Council of Europe Publishing. .
Contreras , ML and Riego , J (1997). . . “Introduction [to European Union disability law]. ”. In European disability law. , Edited by: Machado , Lorenzo . [city: Madrid]: : Escuela Libre Editorial. .
EC (1996). . . “Communication of the Commission on Equality of Opportunity for People with Impairment. ”. COM (96) 406 final.
EC (1998A). . . Employment and people with impairment. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. .
EC (1998B). . . “Raising Employment Levels of People with Impairment: The Common Challenge. ”. Commission Staff Working Paper, SEC (1998) 1550..
EC (1999). . . “Mainstreaming Disability within EU Employment and Social Policy. ”. A DG V services working paper..
EC (2000). . . “Towards a Barrier Free Europe for people with impairment, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. ”. COM (2000) 284 final.
EC (2002). . . MISSOC. Mutual information system on social protection. Social protection in the EU member states and the European Economic Area. Situation on 1 January 2002. , European Commission. . Directorate‐General for Employment and Social Affairs, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
EC (2003). . . “Towards a United Nations legally binding instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. ”. COM (2003) 16 final.
EDF (2003). . . Final ‐ revised draft disability directive: Proposal for a Directive implementing the principle of equal treatment for persons with impairment. , [city: Brussels]: : European Disability Forum. .
Einerhand , MGK , Knol , G , Prins , R and Veerman , TJ (1995). . . Sickness and invalidity arrangements. Facts and figures from six European countries. , [city: s'Gravenhage]: : Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. .
EMCO (2002). . . Impact evaluation of the ESS. Background paper. Social inclusion, EMCO /25/060602/EN‐REV 1.
EU (1997). . . “Consolidated version of the treaty establishing the European Community. ”. In Consolidated treaties. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. .
. Social protection expenditure and receipts, Data 1980–1997. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.
. European social statistics. Social protection expenditure and receipts 1980–1999. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.
. Disability and social participation in Europe. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.
Geyer , RR (2000). . . Exploring European social policy. , [city: Cambridge]: : Polity Press. .
Gould , R. (2003). . European disability pension policies. 11 country trends 1970–2002. , Edited by: Prinz . [city: Aldershot]: : Ashgate. .
Hantrais , L (2000). . . Social policy in the European Union, . , 2nd edition , [city: Basingstoke]: : Macmillan. .
Grammenos , S (2003). . . Illness, disability and social inclusion, Louglinstown. , [city: Dublin]: : European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. .
Kuptsch , C and Zeitzer , IR (2001). . . “Public disability programs under complex pressures. ”. In Social security at the dawn of the 21st century. , Edited by: Hoskins , DD , Dobbernack , D and Kuptsch , C . [city: New Brunswick & London]: : Transaction Publishers. .
Leichsenring , K and Strümpel , C (1995). , eds. . “Mandatory employment or equal opportunities? Employment policies for people with impairment in the UN‐European region. ”. In Eurosocial report, 55/1995. , [city: Vienna]: : European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research. .
Machado , SM and Lorenzo , R de (1997). , eds. . European disability law. , [city: Madrid]: : Escuela Libre Editorial. .
Majone , G (1993). . . The European Community: between social policy and social regulation. . Journal of Common Market Studies , 31((2)): : 153.–.
Majone , G (1996). . . Regulating Europe. , [city: London]: : Routledge. .
Newman , M (1997). . . Democracy, sovereignty and the European Union. , [city: London]: : Hurst & Company. .
NOSOSCO (2002). . . Social protection in the Nordic countries 2000. , [city: Copenhagen]: : Nordic Social Statistical Committee. .
OECD (1999). . . A caring world. The social policy agenda. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .
OECD (2001 A). . . Labour force statistics 1980–2000. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .
OECD (2001B). . . OECD Employment outlook. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .
OECD (2003). . . Transforming disability into ability. Policies to promote work and income security for disabled people. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .
Porte , C de la and Pochet , P . (2002). , eds. . Building Social Europe through the open method of co‐ordination. , [city: Bruxelles]: : PIE ‐ Peter Lang. .
Prins , R and Bloch , FS (2001). . . “Social security, work incapacity and reintegration. ”. In Who returns to work & why? A six‐country study on work incapacity & reintegration. , Edited by: Bloch , FS and Prins , RS . [city: New Brunswick]: : Transactio n Publishers. .
Prinz , C (2003). , ed. . European disability pension policies. 11 country trends 1970–2002. , [city: Aldershot]: : Ashgate. .
SSA (1999). . . Social security programs throughout the world. , [city: Washington DC]: : US Social Security Administration. .
Thornton , P and Lunt , N (1997). . . Employment policies for disabled people in eighteen countries: a review. , [city: York]: : Social Policy Research Unit, University of York. .
Thornton , P , Sainsbury , R and Barnes , H (1997). . . Helping disabled people to work: a cross‐national study of social security and employment provisions, A report to the Social Security Advisory Committee. , [city: London]: : The Stationary Office. .
Van Oorschot , W and Hvinden , B (2001). , eds. . Disability policies in European countries. , [city: The Hague]: : Kluwer Law International. .
Wilson , V (1996). . . “People with disabilities. ”. In Social care in Europe. , Edited by: Munday , B and Ely , P . [city: London]: : Prentice‐Hall / Harvester Wheatsheaf. .

[CIT0001] Aarts , LJM and Jong de , PR (1996). . . “European experiences with disability policy. ”. In Disability, work and cash benefits. , Edited by: Mashaw , J , Reno , V , Burkhauser , R and Berkowitz , M . [city: Kalamazoo], [state: MI]: : WE Upjohn Institute of Employment Research. .

[CIT0002] Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1996). , eds. . Curing the Dutch disease. An international perspective on disability policy reform. , [city: Aldershot]: : Avebury. .

[CIT0003] Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1998). . . “A cross‐national comparison of disability policies: Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands vs. the United States. ”. In Rehabilitation of partially disabled people. , Edited by: Klosse , S , Uijl den , S , Bahlman , T and Shippers , J . [city: Amsterdam]: : Thesis Publishers. .

[CIT0004] Aarts , LJM , Burkhauser , RV and Jong de , PR (1999). . . “Convergence: A comparison of European and United States disability policy. ”. In New approaches to disability in the workplace. , Edited by: Thomason , T , Burton , JF and Hyatt , D . [city: Cornell]: : Cornell University Press. .

[CIT0005] Bø , T.P. (2003). . Funksjonshemmede på arbeidsmarkedet [People with impairment in the labour market]. , [city: Oslo]: : Statistics Norway. . report 2003/4,.

[CIT0006] CEU (1986). . . Council Recommendation of 24 July 1986 on the employment of disabled people in the Community. . Official Journal NO. L , 22512/08 1986: : 0043.–. 1986.

[CIT0007] CEU (1996). . . Resolution of the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council of 20 December 1996 on equality of opportunities for people with impairment. . Official Journal , C 01213/01 1996: : 0001.–. 1997.

[CIT0008] CEU (1999). . . Council Resolution of 17 June 1999 on equal employment opportunities for people with impairment. . Official Journal C 186, , 02/07 1999: : 0003.–. 1999.

[CIT0009] CEU (2000A). . . Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. . Official Journal L , 30302/12 2000A: : 0016. 2000.

[CIT0010] CEU (2000B). . . Council Decision 2000/750/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a Community action programme to combat discrimination (2001 to 2006). . Official Journal of the European Communities , L 303: : 23.–.

[CIT0011] CoE (2000). . . Legislation to counter discrimination against persons with impairment. , [city: Strasbourg]: : Council of Europe Publishing. .

[CIT0012] Contreras , ML and Riego , J (1997). . . “Introduction [to European Union disability law]. ”. In European disability law. , Edited by: Machado , Lorenzo . [city: Madrid]: : Escuela Libre Editorial. .

[CIT0013] EC (1996). . . “Communication of the Commission on Equality of Opportunity for People with Impairment. ”. COM (96) 406 final.

[CIT0014] EC (1998A). . . Employment and people with impairment. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. .

[CIT0015] EC (1998B). . . “Raising Employment Levels of People with Impairment: The Common Challenge. ”. Commission Staff Working Paper, SEC (1998) 1550..

[CIT0016] EC (1999). . . “Mainstreaming Disability within EU Employment and Social Policy. ”. A DG V services working paper..

[CIT0017] EC (2000). . . “Towards a Barrier Free Europe for people with impairment, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. ”. COM (2000) 284 final.

[CIT0018] EC (2002). . . MISSOC. Mutual information system on social protection. Social protection in the EU member states and the European Economic Area. Situation on 1 January 2002. , European Commission. . Directorate‐General for Employment and Social Affairs, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

[CIT0019] EC (2003). . . “Towards a United Nations legally binding instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. ”. COM (2003) 16 final.

[CIT0020] EDF (2003). . . Final ‐ revised draft disability directive: Proposal for a Directive implementing the principle of equal treatment for persons with impairment. , [city: Brussels]: : European Disability Forum. .

[CIT0021] Einerhand , MGK , Knol , G , Prins , R and Veerman , TJ (1995). . . Sickness and invalidity arrangements. Facts and figures from six European countries. , [city: s'Gravenhage]: : Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. .

[CIT0022] EMCO (2002). . . Impact evaluation of the ESS. Background paper. Social inclusion, EMCO /25/060602/EN‐REV 1.

[CIT0023] EU (1997). . . “Consolidated version of the treaty establishing the European Community. ”. In Consolidated treaties. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. .

[CIT0024] . Social protection expenditure and receipts, Data 1980–1997. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.

[CIT0025] . European social statistics. Social protection expenditure and receipts 1980–1999. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.

[CIT0026] . Disability and social participation in Europe. , [city: Luxembourg]: : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. . Eurostat.

[CIT0027] Geyer , RR (2000). . . Exploring European social policy. , [city: Cambridge]: : Polity Press. .

[CIT0028] Gould , R. (2003). . European disability pension policies. 11 country trends 1970–2002. , Edited by: Prinz . [city: Aldershot]: : Ashgate. .

[CIT0029] Hantrais , L (2000). . . Social policy in the European Union, . , 2nd edition , [city: Basingstoke]: : Macmillan. .

[CIT0030] Grammenos , S (2003). . . Illness, disability and social inclusion, Louglinstown. , [city: Dublin]: : European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. .

[CIT0031] Kuptsch , C and Zeitzer , IR (2001). . . “Public disability programs under complex pressures. ”. In Social security at the dawn of the 21st century. , Edited by: Hoskins , DD , Dobbernack , D and Kuptsch , C . [city: New Brunswick & London]: : Transaction Publishers. .

[CIT0032] Leichsenring , K and Strümpel , C (1995). , eds. . “Mandatory employment or equal opportunities? Employment policies for people with impairment in the UN‐European region. ”. In Eurosocial report, 55/1995. , [city: Vienna]: : European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research. .

[CIT0033] Machado , SM and Lorenzo , R de (1997). , eds. . European disability law. , [city: Madrid]: : Escuela Libre Editorial. .

[CIT0034] Majone , G (1993). . . The European Community: between social policy and social regulation. . Journal of Common Market Studies , 31((2)): : 153.–.

[CIT0035] Majone , G (1996). . . Regulating Europe. , [city: London]: : Routledge. .

[CIT0036] Newman , M (1997). . . Democracy, sovereignty and the European Union. , [city: London]: : Hurst & Company. .

[CIT0037] NOSOSCO (2002). . . Social protection in the Nordic countries 2000. , [city: Copenhagen]: : Nordic Social Statistical Committee. .

[CIT0038] OECD (1999). . . A caring world. The social policy agenda. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .

[CIT0039] OECD (2001 A). . . Labour force statistics 1980–2000. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .

[CIT0040] OECD (2001B). . . OECD Employment outlook. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .

[CIT0041] OECD (2003). . . Transforming disability into ability. Policies to promote work and income security for disabled people. , [city: Paris]: : OECD. .

[CIT0042] Porte , C de la and Pochet , P . (2002). , eds. . Building Social Europe through the open method of co‐ordination. , [city: Bruxelles]: : PIE ‐ Peter Lang. .

[CIT0043] Prins , R and Bloch , FS (2001). . . “Social security, work incapacity and reintegration. ”. In Who returns to work & why? A six‐country study on work incapacity & reintegration. , Edited by: Bloch , FS and Prins , RS . [city: New Brunswick]: : Transactio n Publishers. .

[CIT0044] Prinz , C (2003). , ed. . European disability pension policies. 11 country trends 1970–2002. , [city: Aldershot]: : Ashgate. .

[CIT0045] SSA (1999). . . Social security programs throughout the world. , [city: Washington DC]: : US Social Security Administration. .

[CIT0046] Thornton , P and Lunt , N (1997). . . Employment policies for disabled people in eighteen countries: a review. , [city: York]: : Social Policy Research Unit, University of York. .

[CIT0047] Thornton , P , Sainsbury , R and Barnes , H (1997). . . Helping disabled people to work: a cross‐national study of social security and employment provisions, A report to the Social Security Advisory Committee. , [city: London]: : The Stationary Office. .

[CIT0048] Van Oorschot , W and Hvinden , B (2001). , eds. . Disability policies in European countries. , [city: The Hague]: : Kluwer Law International. .

[CIT0049] Wilson , V (1996). . . “People with disabilities. ”. In Social care in Europe. , Edited by: Munday , B and Ely , P . [city: London]: : Prentice‐Hall / Harvester Wheatsheaf. .

Reading: Which way for european disability policy?

Original Articles

Which way for european disability policy?

Authors:

Bjørn Hvinden ,

Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim

About Bjørn

X close

Rune Halvorsen

Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim

About Rune

X close

Abstract

References