Temporal aspects of teaching and learning ‐ implications for pupils with physical disabilities

Helena Hemmingsson; Lena Borell; Anders Gustavsson

doi:10.1080/15017419909510742

Research

Temporal aspects of teaching and learning ‐ implications for pupils with physical disabilities

Authors:

Helena Hemmingsson ,

About Helena

Helena Hemmingsson, is a doctoral student at Karolinska Institute, Neurotec, Division of Occupational Therapy in Sweeden. Helena Hemmingssons research project is focused on the significance of the school environment for pupils with physical disabilities.

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Lena Borell,

About Lena

Lena Borell, is assistant Professor in occupational therapy at the Karolinska Institutet, and chairperson of the division of occupational therapy at the department of Neurotec. Her research interests are mainly focused on aspects of developing occupational therapy; theory and methods.

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Anders Gustavsson

About Anders

Anders Gustavsson, is Professor of Education, at the Department of Education, Stockholm’s university. He is president of the NNDR and has published a number of articles and books on sosial meanings of disability, integration/inclusion, families with disabled member’s etc.

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe and try to understand how temporal structures in school setting influence the performance of daily school tasks for pupils with physical disabilities. Seven pupils between 7 and 15 years of age were included. Data were collected through field observations and semi‐structured interviews with pupils and each pupil’s teacher. The findings show that pupils with disabilities often did not have the time to perform regular daily school activities such as reading and writing. The pupils’ time problems were to a large extent influenced by the teaching styles. Four teaching styles were identified. The number of pupils in the class seemed to influence the teacher’s choice of teaching style. Variation in teaching styles also could be understood in relation to how teachers handled an educational dilemma that was discovered. Implications of the study on teaching and learning in relation to pupils with physical disabilities are discussed.

How to Cite: Hemmingsson, H., Borell, L. and Gustavsson, A., 1999. Temporal aspects of teaching and learning ‐ implications for pupils with physical disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 1(2), pp.26–43. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/15017419909510742

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Published on 02 Jul 1999

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CC BY 4.0

References

Ait‐Hocine , N (1990). . . A case for occupational therapy: Integrating children with mental and physical handicap into mainstream education. . British Journal of Occupational Therapy , 53: : 19.–.
Allard , B. and Sundblad , B (1991). . . Skrivandets genes under skoltiden [The genesis of school writing]. , Stockholm University, Department of Education. . Doctoral dissertation..
Bille , Bo and Olow , I . (1996). . . Barnhabilitering vid rörelsehinder [Habilitation for children with physical disabilities]. , [city: Stockholm]: : Almqvist & Wiksell. .
Bogdan , R. and Biklen , S (1992). . . Qualitative Research for Education: an introduction to theory and methods. , [city: Boston]: : Allyn and Bacon. .
Dewey , J (1991). . . Individ, skola och samhälle ‐pedagogiska texter [Individual, school and society ‐ pedagogical reading]. , 2nd.ed , [city: stockholm]: : Natur och Kultur. .
Elkind , D (1976). . . Barn och unga i Piagets psykologi [Children and adolescents: Interpretative essays on Jean Piaget]. , [city: Stockholm]: : Bokförlaget Natur och Kultur. .
Granström , K (1997). . . Stora och små undervisningsgrupper‐ forskning om klasstorlekens betydelse for elevers och lärares arbetssituation [big and small classes ‐ research about the significance of the class size for the working situation of pupils and teachers]. , University of Linköping, Institution of pedagogic and psychology). .
Heimdahl Mattson , E (1998). . . The school situation for students with motor disabilities ‐interaction of individual prerequisites and environmental demands. , [city: Stockholm], [state: HSL förlag]: : Institute of education, department of special education. . Doctoral dissertation,.
Kalscheur , J. A (1992). . . Benefits of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for children and adolescents with disabilities. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 46: : 419.–.
McGrath , J. E (1986). . . Time and human interaction. Toward a social psychology of time. , [city: New York]: : Guilford Press. .
Kielhofner , G (1977). . . Temporal adaptation: A conceptual framework for occupational therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 3((7)): : 235.–.
Kielhofner , G (1979). . . The temporal dimensions in the lives of retarded adults: A problem of interaction and intervention. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 33: : 161.–.
Kielhofner , G (1995). . . A model of human occupation: Theory and application. , 2nd ed , [city: Baltimore]: : Williams & Wilkins. .
Kvale , S (1997). . . Den kvalitativa forsknings‐intervjun [The qualitative research interview]. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .
Law , M. and Dunn , W (1993). . . Perspectives on understanding and changing the environments of children with disabilities. . physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics , 13: : 1.–.
Lundmark , L (1993). . . Tiden är bara ett ord ‐ om klockors makt och hur man bryter den [Time is just a word ‐ about the power of watches and how to break it]. , [city: Sweden]: : Raben, Prisma. .
Malmqvist , J (1998). . . Kunskapsutveckling hos elever med rörelsehinder [Development of knowledge among pupils with physical disabilities]. , (Report No. 13)[city: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of special education. .
Meyer , A (1977). . . The philosophy of occupation therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 31: : 639.–.
McHale , K. and Cermak , S. A (1992). . . Fine motor activities in elementary school: Preliminary findings and provisional implications for children with fine motor problems. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 46: : 898.–.
Melin , L. and Delberger , M (1996). . . Lisa lär läsa ‐ Läsinlärning och lässtrategier (Lisa learns to read). , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .
Patton , M., Q (1987). . . How to use qualitative methods in evaluation. , 2nd ed , [city: Newbury Park], [state: USA]: : Sage publications. .
Patton , M., Q. (1990). . Qualitative evaluation and research methods. , 2nd ed , [city: Newbury Park], [state: USA]: : Sage publications. .
Paulssonm , K. and Grip , L‐G (1976). . . Skolintegrering av rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar [Integration of children and youth with physical disabilities]. , Report No. 73)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .
Paulsson , K and Marsk , E (1978). . . Skolintegrering av rörelsehindrade elever i grundskolan [Inclusion of pupils with disabilities in the compulsory comprehensive school]. , (Report No. 77)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .
Paulsson , K (1980). . . Analys av varför integrering av rh‐elever i vanlig klass ibland misslyckas [An analysis of the reasons why inclusion of physically disabled students sometimes fail]. , (Report No. 95)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .
Pelquin , S., M (1998). . . Time as a commodity: reflections and implications. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 45: : 147.–.
Qvarsell , B (1976). . . Utvecklingspsykologi och pedagogik — Begreppsdiskussioner och problemidentifieringar [Developmental psychology and pedagogic ‐ Discussion about concepts and identification of problems]. , Stockholm University, Department of Education. . Doctoral dissertation,.
Rielly , M (1962). . . The Eleanor Clark Slage lecture ‐ occupational therapy can be one of the greatest ideas of 20^th century medicine. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 16: : 1.–.
Skolverket (1996). . . Beskrivande data om skolverksamheten [Descriptive statistics about the Swedish schools]. , (Report No. 107)[city: Stockholm]: : Liber distribution. .
SOU 1982:19 Integrationsutredningen (). . Handi‐kappade elever i det allmäna skolväsendet [An investigation about mainstreaming. Pupils with disabilities in the public school system]. , [city: Stockholm]: : UtbiIdningsdepartementet. .
SOU 1998:66 (). . “[FUNKIS ‐ students with disabilities in the school setting]. ”. In FUNKIS ‐ funktionshindrade elever i skolan. , [city: Stockholm]: : Norstedsts tryckeri AB. .
SOU 1999:21 (). . “[Number nine of Lindqvist]. ”. In Lindqvists nia. , [city: Stockholm]: : Norstedts tryckeri AB. .
Suto , F. and Frank , G (1994). . . Future time perspective and daily occupations of persons with chronic schizophrenia in a board and care home. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 48: : 7.–.
Strömquist , S (1993). . . “[The process of writing]. ”. In Skrivprocessen. , 2nd. Ed. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .
Stukát , K‐G (). . “(manus). ”. In Kunskapsutveckling hos elever med rörelsehinder [Development of knowledge among children with physical disabilities],
Söder , M (1989). . . Oberoende och autonomi [Independence and autonomy]. . Social‐medicinsk tidskrift , 66: : 155.–.
Westlund , I (1996). . . Skolbarn av sin tid ‐ en Studie av skolbarns upplevelse av tid [Pupils of their time ‐ a study of the pupils’ experiences of time]. , University of Linköping, Sweden, Department of education and psychology. . Doctoral Dissertation,.
Westlund , I (1998). . . “[The student's time and the schools time]. ”. In Elevernas tid och skolans tid. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .
World Health Organisation (1993). . . International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps, [city: Geneva], [state: Switzerland]: (with foreword)..
Yerxa , E.J (1991). . . Seeking a relevant, ethical and realistic way of knowing for occupational therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 45: : 199.–.

[CIT0001] Ait‐Hocine , N (1990). . . A case for occupational therapy: Integrating children with mental and physical handicap into mainstream education. . British Journal of Occupational Therapy , 53: : 19.–.

[CIT0002] Allard , B. and Sundblad , B (1991). . . Skrivandets genes under skoltiden [The genesis of school writing]. , Stockholm University, Department of Education. . Doctoral dissertation..

[CIT0003] Bille , Bo and Olow , I . (1996). . . Barnhabilitering vid rörelsehinder [Habilitation for children with physical disabilities]. , [city: Stockholm]: : Almqvist & Wiksell. .

[CIT0004] Bogdan , R. and Biklen , S (1992). . . Qualitative Research for Education: an introduction to theory and methods. , [city: Boston]: : Allyn and Bacon. .

[CIT0005] Dewey , J (1991). . . Individ, skola och samhälle ‐pedagogiska texter [Individual, school and society ‐ pedagogical reading]. , 2nd.ed , [city: stockholm]: : Natur och Kultur. .

[CIT0006] Elkind , D (1976). . . Barn och unga i Piagets psykologi [Children and adolescents: Interpretative essays on Jean Piaget]. , [city: Stockholm]: : Bokförlaget Natur och Kultur. .

[CIT0007] Granström , K (1997). . . Stora och små undervisningsgrupper‐ forskning om klasstorlekens betydelse for elevers och lärares arbetssituation [big and small classes ‐ research about the significance of the class size for the working situation of pupils and teachers]. , University of Linköping, Institution of pedagogic and psychology). .

[CIT0008] Heimdahl Mattson , E (1998). . . The school situation for students with motor disabilities ‐interaction of individual prerequisites and environmental demands. , [city: Stockholm], [state: HSL förlag]: : Institute of education, department of special education. . Doctoral dissertation,.

[CIT0009] Kalscheur , J. A (1992). . . Benefits of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for children and adolescents with disabilities. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 46: : 419.–.

[CIT0010] McGrath , J. E (1986). . . Time and human interaction. Toward a social psychology of time. , [city: New York]: : Guilford Press. .

[CIT0011] Kielhofner , G (1977). . . Temporal adaptation: A conceptual framework for occupational therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 3((7)): : 235.–.

[CIT0012] Kielhofner , G (1979). . . The temporal dimensions in the lives of retarded adults: A problem of interaction and intervention. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 33: : 161.–.

[CIT0013] Kielhofner , G (1995). . . A model of human occupation: Theory and application. , 2nd ed , [city: Baltimore]: : Williams & Wilkins. .

[CIT0014] Kvale , S (1997). . . Den kvalitativa forsknings‐intervjun [The qualitative research interview]. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .

[CIT0015] Law , M. and Dunn , W (1993). . . Perspectives on understanding and changing the environments of children with disabilities. . physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics , 13: : 1.–.

[CIT0016] Lundmark , L (1993). . . Tiden är bara ett ord ‐ om klockors makt och hur man bryter den [Time is just a word ‐ about the power of watches and how to break it]. , [city: Sweden]: : Raben, Prisma. .

[CIT0017] Malmqvist , J (1998). . . Kunskapsutveckling hos elever med rörelsehinder [Development of knowledge among pupils with physical disabilities]. , (Report No. 13)[city: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of special education. .

[CIT0018] Meyer , A (1977). . . The philosophy of occupation therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 31: : 639.–.

[CIT0019] McHale , K. and Cermak , S. A (1992). . . Fine motor activities in elementary school: Preliminary findings and provisional implications for children with fine motor problems. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 46: : 898.–.

[CIT0020] Melin , L. and Delberger , M (1996). . . Lisa lär läsa ‐ Läsinlärning och lässtrategier (Lisa learns to read). , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .

[CIT0021] Patton , M., Q (1987). . . How to use qualitative methods in evaluation. , 2nd ed , [city: Newbury Park], [state: USA]: : Sage publications. .

[CIT0022] Patton , M., Q. (1990). . Qualitative evaluation and research methods. , 2nd ed , [city: Newbury Park], [state: USA]: : Sage publications. .

[CIT0023] Paulssonm , K. and Grip , L‐G (1976). . . Skolintegrering av rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar [Integration of children and youth with physical disabilities]. , Report No. 73)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .

[CIT0024] Paulsson , K and Marsk , E (1978). . . Skolintegrering av rörelsehindrade elever i grundskolan [Inclusion of pupils with disabilities in the compulsory comprehensive school]. , (Report No. 77)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .

[CIT0025] Paulsson , K (1980). . . Analys av varför integrering av rh‐elever i vanlig klass ibland misslyckas [An analysis of the reasons why inclusion of physically disabled students sometimes fail]. , (Report No. 95)[city: Mölndal], [state: Sweden]: : University of Gothenburg, Department of education. .

[CIT0026] Pelquin , S., M (1998). . . Time as a commodity: reflections and implications. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 45: : 147.–.

[CIT0027] Qvarsell , B (1976). . . Utvecklingspsykologi och pedagogik — Begreppsdiskussioner och problemidentifieringar [Developmental psychology and pedagogic ‐ Discussion about concepts and identification of problems]. , Stockholm University, Department of Education. . Doctoral dissertation,.

[CIT0028] Rielly , M (1962). . . The Eleanor Clark Slage lecture ‐ occupational therapy can be one of the greatest ideas of 20^th century medicine. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 16: : 1.–.

[CIT0029] Skolverket (1996). . . Beskrivande data om skolverksamheten [Descriptive statistics about the Swedish schools]. , (Report No. 107)[city: Stockholm]: : Liber distribution. .

[CIT0030] SOU 1982:19 Integrationsutredningen (). . Handi‐kappade elever i det allmäna skolväsendet [An investigation about mainstreaming. Pupils with disabilities in the public school system]. , [city: Stockholm]: : UtbiIdningsdepartementet. .

[CIT0031] SOU 1998:66 (). . “[FUNKIS ‐ students with disabilities in the school setting]. ”. In FUNKIS ‐ funktionshindrade elever i skolan. , [city: Stockholm]: : Norstedsts tryckeri AB. .

[CIT0032] SOU 1999:21 (). . “[Number nine of Lindqvist]. ”. In Lindqvists nia. , [city: Stockholm]: : Norstedts tryckeri AB. .

[CIT0033] Suto , F. and Frank , G (1994). . . Future time perspective and daily occupations of persons with chronic schizophrenia in a board and care home. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 48: : 7.–.

[CIT0034] Strömquist , S (1993). . . “[The process of writing]. ”. In Skrivprocessen. , 2nd. Ed. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .

[CIT0035] Stukát , K‐G (). . “(manus). ”. In Kunskapsutveckling hos elever med rörelsehinder [Development of knowledge among children with physical disabilities],

[CIT0036] Söder , M (1989). . . Oberoende och autonomi [Independence and autonomy]. . Social‐medicinsk tidskrift , 66: : 155.–.

[CIT0037] Westlund , I (1996). . . Skolbarn av sin tid ‐ en Studie av skolbarns upplevelse av tid [Pupils of their time ‐ a study of the pupils’ experiences of time]. , University of Linköping, Sweden, Department of education and psychology. . Doctoral Dissertation,.

[CIT0038] Westlund , I (1998). . . “[The student's time and the schools time]. ”. In Elevernas tid och skolans tid. , [city: Lund], [state: Sweden]: : Studentlitteratur. .

[CIT0039] World Health Organisation (1993). . . International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps, [city: Geneva], [state: Switzerland]: (with foreword)..

[CIT0040] Yerxa , E.J (1991). . . Seeking a relevant, ethical and realistic way of knowing for occupational therapy. . American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 45: : 199.–.

Reading: Temporal aspects of teaching and learning ‐ implications for pupils with physical disabilities

Research

Temporal aspects of teaching and learning ‐ implications for pupils with physical disabilities

Authors:

Helena Hemmingsson ,

About Helena

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Lena Borell,

About Lena

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Anders Gustavsson

About Anders

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Abstract

References